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| • | Isolation and Some Properties of New Xylanase from the Intestine of a Herbivorous Insect (Samia Cynthia Pryeri) |
| Xylan the major portion of the hemicellulose of plant cell walls are heterogeneous polysaccharides. Xylanases are enzymes obtained from different species of microorganisms that degrade the xylosidic linkages of xylans backbone producing xylose with other monoresidues. In this study, xylanase producing strains were isolated from intestine of a herbivorous insect at Rajshahi University Campus. The strains were isolated on xylan agar media and screened by -xylanolysis method. Zymogram analysis was confirmed the xylanolytic activity. The strains was identified to be Aeromonas sp. and xylanase enzyme was detected in the culture supernatant of the strain. Xylanase enzyme was purified from culture supernatant of Aeromonas sp. by ammonium sulfate precipitation, gel filtration on Sephadex G-100 followed by ion exchange chromotography on DEAE-cellulose. In DEAE cellulose column chromatography, three protein peaks F-1a, F-1b and F-1c were appeared. Among these peaks, only F-1b showed xylanase activity and the degree of purification attained 64.54 fold. The purified enzyme gave single band on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis indicating its homogeneity. The enzyme gave maximum activity against xylan as substrate at pH 7.0 and temperature at 55C. The Km value of xylanase was found to be 0.91% using the oat spelt xylan as substrate. The xylanase hydrolyzed strongly oat spelt xylan and birch wood xylan but didnot hydrolyze cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose and starch. Xylose was detected as the hydrolysis products of oat spelt xylan by the xylanase. | |
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| • | Utility of a single adjusting compartment: a novel methodology for whole body physiologically-based pharmacokinetic modelling |
| Background: There are various methods for predicting human pharmacokinetics. Among these, a whole body physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (WBPBPK) model is useful because it gives a mechanistic description. However, WBPBPK models cannot predict human pharmacokinetics with enough precision. This study was conducted to elucidate the primary reason for poor predictions by WBPBPK models, and to enable better predictions to be made without reliance on complex concepts. Methods: The primary reasons for poor predictions of human pharmacokinetics were investigated using a generic WBPBPK model that incorporated a single adjusting compartment (SAC), a virtual organ compartment with physiological parameters that can be adjusted arbitrarily. The blood flow rate, organ volume, and the steady state tissue-plasma partition coefficient of a SAC were calculated to fit simulated to observed pharmacokinetics in the rat. The adjusted SAC parameters were fixed and scaled up to the human using a newly developed equation. Using the scaled-up SAC parameters, human pharmacokinetics were simulated and each pharmacokinetic parameter was calculated. These simulated parameters were compared to the observed data. Simulations were performed to confirm the relationship between the precision of prediction and the number of tissue compartments, including a SAC. Results: Increasing the number of tissue compartments led to an improvement of the average-fold error (AFE) of total body clearances (CLtot) and half-lives (T1/2) calculated from the simulated human blood concentrations of 14 drugs. The presence of a SAC also improved the AFE values of a ten-organ model from 6.74 to 1.56 in CLtot, and from 4.74 to 1.48 in T1/2. Moreover, the within-2-fold errors were improved in all models; incorporating a SAC gave results from 0 to 79% in CLtot, and from 14 to 93% in T1/2 of the ten-organ model. Conclusion: By using a SAC in this study, we were able to show that poor prediction resulted mainly from such physiological factors as organ blood flow rate and organ volume, which were not satisfactorily accounted for in previous WBPBPK models. The SAC also improved precision in the prediction of human pharmacokinetics. This finding showed that the methodology of our study may be useful for functionally reinforcing a WBPBPK model. | |
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| • | Akita University: Research Leaders and Postdoctoral Fellows |
| Research Leaders and Postdoctoral Fellows, Akita University, Akita, Japan. Posted on 25 July 2007. | |
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| • | Agent-based computer models could anticipate future economic crisis |
| (DOE/Argonne National Laboratory) As the stock market continues its dive, economists and business columnists have spilled a lot of ink assigning responsibility for the ongoing financial calamity. While hindsight might be clear as day, researchers at the US Department of Energy's Argonne National Laboratory are trying to create new economic models that will provide policymakers with more realistic pictures of different types of markets so they can better avert future economic catastrophe. | |
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| • | opticsplanet.net - Binoculars, telescopes, spotting scopes, rifles scopes, night vision, radar guns, microscopes, sunglasses & more |
| atn, bolle, bushnell, leupold, night vision, nikon, serengeti, spotting scopes, telescopes, binoculars, microscopes, optics, prescription sunglasses, radar guns, rifle scopes, speed gun | |
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| • | Stereoscopic Microscope Part |
| Another new research study had been conducted. It was revealed after a thorough investigation with a stereoscopic microscopepart that hard corals initially advanced not in the ... | |
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American Journal of Neuroradiology
By editor@_DOMAIN - Copyright 2008 by the American Association for the Advancement of Science - version: v1.5 build A
By editor@_DOMAIN - Copyright 2008 by the American Association for the Advancement of Science - version: v1.5 build A