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Pakistan introduces vaccine to prevent top child killer




(Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health) With financing from the GAVI Alliance, Pakistan is introducing a new 5-in-1 vaccine that will protect its children against the bacterium Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) and four other common childhood diseases. Hib, a bacterium that can cause deadly meningitis and pneumonia, is one of the top killers of young children in the developing world. The introduction of the pentavalent vaccine represents a major stride toward enabling Pakistan's 160 million inhabitants to make further progress towards the MDGs.


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Isolation and Some Properties of New Xylanase from the Intestine of a Herbivorous Insect (Samia Cynthia Pryeri)
Xylan the major portion of the hemicellulose of plant cell walls are heterogeneous polysaccharides. Xylanases are enzymes obtained from different species of microorganisms that degrade the xylosidic linkages of xylans backbone producing xylose with other monoresidues. In this study, xylanase producing strains were isolated from intestine of a herbivorous insect at Rajshahi University Campus. The strains were isolated on xylan agar media and screened by -xylanolysis method. Zymogram analysis was confirmed the xylanolytic activity. The strains was identified to be Aeromonas sp. and xylanase enzyme was detected in the culture supernatant of the strain. Xylanase enzyme was purified from culture supernatant of Aeromonas sp. by ammonium sulfate precipitation, gel filtration on Sephadex G-100 followed by ion exchange chromotography on DEAE-cellulose. In DEAE cellulose column chromatography, three protein peaks F-1a, F-1b and F-1c were appeared. Among these peaks, only F-1b showed xylanase activity and the degree of purification attained 64.54 fold. The purified enzyme gave single band on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis indicating its homogeneity. The enzyme gave maximum activity against xylan as substrate at pH 7.0 and temperature at 55C. The Km value of xylanase was found to be 0.91% using the oat spelt xylan as substrate. The xylanase hydrolyzed strongly oat spelt xylan and birch wood xylan but didnot hydrolyze cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose and starch. Xylose was detected as the hydrolysis products of oat spelt xylan by the xylanase.
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The velocity of the arterial pulse wave: a viscous-fluid shock wave in an elastic tube
Background: The arterial pulse is a viscous-fluid shock wave that is initiated by blood ejected from the heart. This wave travels away from the heart at a speed termed the pulse wave velocity (PWV). The PWV increases during the course of a number of diseases, and this increase is often attributed to arterial stiffness. As the pulse wave approaches a point in an artery, the pressure rises as does the pressure gradient. This pressure gradient increases the rate of blood flow ahead of the wave. The rate of blood flow ahead of the wave decreases with distance because the pressure gradient also decreases with distance ahead of the wave. Consequently, the amount of blood per unit length in a segment of an artery increases ahead of the wave, and this increase stretches the wall of the artery. As a result, the tension in the wall increases, and this results in an increase in the pressure of blood in the artery. Methods: An expression for the PWV is derived from an equation describing the flow-pressure coupling (FPC) for a pulse wave in an incompressible, viscous fluid in an elastic tube. The initial increase in force of the fluid in the tube is described by an increasing exponential function of time. The relationship between force gradient and fluid flow is approximated by an expression known to hold for a rigid tube. Results: For large arteries, the PWV derived by this method agrees with the Korteweg-Moens equation for the PWV in a non-viscous fluid. For small arteries, the PWV is approximately proportional to the Korteweg-Moens velocity divided by the radius of the artery. The PWV in small arteries is also predicted to increase when the specific rate of increase in pressure as a function of time decreases. This rate decreases with increasing myocardial ischemia, suggesting an explanation for the observation that an increase in the PWV is a predictor of future myocardial infarction. The derivation of the equation for the PWV that has been used for more than fifty years is analyzed and shown to yield predictions that do not appear to be correct. Conclusion: Contrary to the theory used for more than fifty years to predict the PWV, it speeds up as arteries become smaller and smaller. Furthermore, an increase in the PWV in some cases may be due to decreasing force of myocardial contraction rather than arterial stiffness.
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Akita University: Research Leaders and Postdoctoral Fellows
Research Leaders and Postdoctoral Fellows, Akita University, Akita, Japan. Posted on 25 July 2007.
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[BOOK REVIEWS] The Stroke Book
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Stereoscopic Microscope Part
Another new research study had been conducted. It was revealed after a thorough investigation with a stereoscopic microscopepart that hard corals initially advanced not in the ...
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EurekAlert! - Policy and Ethics
By editor@weddingssitereviews.com - Copyright 2008 by the American Association for the Advancement of Science - version: v1.5 build A